The Ottoman Empire was a significant historical entity that emerged from Turkish tribes in Anatolia, becoming one of the world’s most powerful states during the 15th and 16th centuries. Spanning over 600 years, it ended in 1922, leading to the establishment of the Turkish Republic and various successor stated in southeastern Europe and the Middle East. At its zenith, the empire stretched from southeastern Europe to the gates of Vienna, encompassing regions that include present-day Hungary, Greece, Ukraine, Iraq, Syria, Israel, Egypt, and parts of North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The name “Ottoman” is derived from Osman I, the nomadic Turkmen chief who founded both the dynasty and the empire around 1300.
